Z57.31 ICD-10-CM Code: Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Billing Status: YES. This is a valid, specific, and billable ICD-10-CM reference.
Coding at a Glance
- Tabular directives
- 1 Excludes2
Inpatient Payment Groups (MS-DRG)
Potential MS-DRG participation — not a DRG assignment.
MS-DRGs this diagnosis helps define, as principal or secondary, per the CMS ICD-10-CM/PCS MS-DRG Definitions Manual v43, Appendix B.
- MS-DRG 951 — OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS (MDC 23)
A diagnosis appearing in a group's logic does not by itself determine the DRG assigned to a stay; the grouper uses the full claim.
Coding instructions
Official Tabular Instructional Notes: the inclusion, exclusion and sequencing notes published for Z57.31 in the official ICD-10-CM tabular list, quoted as published.
Excludes2 — Not Included Here
Conditions not covered by this code, but which may be reported alongside it when both are present.
- exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z77.22) Compare Z57.31 vs Z77.22 →
Coder workflow for Z57.31
MedCoder structured workflow — derived from this code’s own official record
Before you code Z57.31
- Confirm the reason for the encounter this Z code records: the circumstance it records. Check whether the code may be reported as first-listed or principal — some Z codes are limited to one position — and do not report a history or status code for a condition documented as current. Z code categories and their reporting positions (Guidelines I.C.21.c, I.C.21.c.15).
Documentation check
- The provider’s diagnostic statement
- Codes are assigned from the provider’s documented diagnosis, not from clinical criteria, test values or a medication list (Guidelines I.A.19).
- The reason for the encounter
- Whether the code records the encounter’s purpose, a status, or a history — and whether it may be first-listed (Guidelines I.C.21.c).
Official instructions as workflow
Excludes2 — not part of Z57.31(1 note)
Coding workflow: The conditions named in this note are not included in Z57.31. When the record documents both, both may be reported; the note is a boundary, not a prohibition.
CompareZ77.22
See the official tabular notes · Guidelines I.A.12.b
Every row is derived from this code’s own record — its title, tabular notes, 7th-character family and same-category siblings — with fixed MedCoder wording; nothing is inferred about a patient. The official notes and guideline text are in the sections each row links to, and they control.
Code Overview
MedCoder summary Summary composed by MedCoder from this code's official ICD-10-CM record. The tabular instructional notes themselves appear verbatim below.
Indexed Clinical Terms (1)
Official source data — entries quoted as published, in the Index’s own lookup phrasing
Clinical term phrases from the official ICD-10-CM Index to Diseases and Injuries that map to this code. These are alphabetic-index entries shown as the Index writes them — lookup phrasing, not necessarily the wording of a final diagnosis.
Official Coding Guidelines
Official source data — quoted verbatim from the CMS/NCHS Official Guidelines
Official source data — quoted verbatim from the CMS/NCHS Official Guidelines
Verbatim excerpts from the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting (CMS/NCHS) that govern this code.
Chapter 21: Factors influencing health status and contact with health services (Z00-Z99)
Social determinants of health codes are located primarily in these Z code categories: Z55 Problems related to education and literacy Z56 Problems related to employment and unemployment Z57 Occupational exposure to risk factors Z58 Problems related to physical environment Z59 Problems related to housing and economic circumstances Z60 Problems related to social environment Z62 Problems related to upbringing Z63 Other problems related to primary support group, including family circumstances Z64 Problems related to certain psychosocial circumstances Z65 Problems related to other psychosocial circumstances See Section I.B.14. Documentation by Clinicians Other than the Patient's Provider.
Verify Before Coding
- Principal-diagnosis restriction. The Medicare Code Editor lists this code as unacceptable as a principal diagnosis: it describes a circumstance influencing health status rather than a current illness or injury being treated. It is valid as a secondary diagnosis.
From the code registry, the Medicare Code Editor, and the MS-DRG Definitions Manual. Check it against a full claim in Claim Check.
Relationships & Classification
MedCoder structured relationships — computed from published CMS and AHRQ datasets
Other codes that name Z57.31 or its code family, from the CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes. Tabular-note edges are stored at the code family level that carries each note.
Referenced by 1 Excludes1 note: Z13.88 — Encounter for screening for disorder due to exposure to contaminants (via Z57.-).
These codes’ tabular lists mark this diagnosis as mutually exclusive — not reported together unless the conditions are documented as unrelated.
Referenced by 7 Excludes2 notes: Z56 — Problems related to employment and unemployment (via Z57.-), Z58 — Problems related to physical environment (via Z57.-), Z72 — Problems related to lifestyle (via Z57.-), Z73 — Problems related to life management difficulty (via Z57.-), Z77 — Other contact with and (suspected) exposures hazardous to health (via Z57.-), Z77.22 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (acute) (chronic), Z91 — Personal risk factors, not elsewhere classified (via Z57.-).
These codes’ tabular lists name this diagnosis as distinct — both may be reported when both are documented.
Referenced by 55 Use Additional Code instructions across 8 chapters: C07 — Malignant neoplasm of parotid gland, C08 — Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified major salivary glands, C09 — Malignant neoplasm of tonsil, C10 — Malignant neoplasm of oropharynx, C11 — Malignant neoplasm of nasopharynx, C12 — Malignant neoplasm of pyriform sinus, C13 — Malignant neoplasm of hypopharynx, C14 — Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites in the lip, oral cavity and pharynx, C32 — Malignant neoplasm of larynx, C33 — Malignant neoplasm of trachea, C34 — Malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung, C39 — Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites in the respiratory system and intrathoracic organs, D00.0 — Carcinoma in situ of lip, oral cavity and pharynx, D02 — Carcinoma in situ of middle ear and respiratory system, G31.84 — Mild cognitive impairment of uncertain or unknown etiology, H65 — Nonsuppurative otitis media, H66 — Suppurative and unspecified otitis media, I10 — Essential (primary) hypertension, I10-I1A — Hypertensive diseases (I10-I1A), I11 — Hypertensive heart disease, +35 more.
These codes instruct coders to additionally report this code when it applies.
MS-DRG Grouper Relationships (FY2026)
Potential MS-DRG participation — not a DRG assignment.
Not on the CMS CC/MCC list — as a secondary diagnosis this code does not change MS-DRG severity.
Named in the grouper logic of 1 MS-DRG: DRG 951 (MDC 23).
From the CMS MS-DRG Definitions Manual (Appendices B and C). Actual DRG assignment depends on the complete claim.
Clinical classification (AHRQ CCSR):FAC019 — Socioeconomic/psychosocial factors.
Clinical Classifications Software Refined (CCSR) for ICD-10-CM Diagnoses. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Related Codes
Principal diagnosis restriction (Medicare Code Editor)
Not acceptable as a principal diagnosis on an inpatient claim.
Same clinical category (CCSR)
AHRQ's Clinical Classifications Software groups these diagnoses under the same clinical category (Socioeconomic/psychosocial factors).
Z56.4 — Discord with boss and workmates, Z56.5 — Uncongenial work environment, Z56.6 — Other physical and mental strain related to work, Z56.81 — Sexual harassment on the job, Z56.82 — Military deployment status, Z56.89 — Other problems related to employment, Z56.9 — Unspecified problems related to employment, Z57.0 — Occupational exposure to noise, Z57.1 — Occupational exposure to radiation, Z57.2 — Occupational exposure to dust, Z57.39 — Occupational exposure to other air contaminants, Z57.4 — Occupational exposure to toxic agents in agriculture, Z57.5 — Occupational exposure to toxic agents in other industries, Z57.6 — Occupational exposure to extreme temperature, Z57.7 — Occupational exposure to vibration, Z57.8 — Occupational exposure to other risk factors, Z57.9 — Occupational exposure to unspecified risk factor, Z58.6 — Inadequate drinking-water supply, Z58.81 — Basic services unavailable in physical environment, Z58.89 — Other problems related to physical environment, +102 more
Same Index main term, other category
The ICD-10-CM Index to Diseases and Injuries files this code under the main term “Exposure”; these codes share that main term but sit in a different category of the Tabular List.
Z20.7 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to pediculosis, acariasis and other infestations (acariasis), Z20.810 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to anthrax (anthrax), Z20.811 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to meningococcus (meningococcus), Z20.818 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to other bacterial communicable diseases (bacterial disease NEC), Z20.820 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to varicella (varicella), Z20.821 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to Zika virus (Zika virus), Z20.822 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to COVID-19 (COVID-19), Z20.828 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to other viral communicable diseases (viral disease NEC), Z20.89 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to other communicable diseases (smallpox), Z20.9 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to unspecified communicable disease (communicable disease), Z60.5 — Target of (perceived) adverse discrimination and persecution (persecution), Z65.4 — Victim of crime and terrorism (torture), Z65.5 — Exposure to disaster, war and other hostilities (war), Z77.010 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to arsenic (arsenic), Z77.011 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to lead (lead), Z77.012 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to uranium (uranium), Z77.013 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to gadolinium (gadolinium), Z77.018 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to other hazardous metals (nickel dust), Z77.020 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to aromatic amines (aromatic amines), Z77.021 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to benzene (benzene), +36 more
Contextual Map
Every relationship of Z57.31 in one view: hierarchy, official tabular instructions in both directions, clinical classification, risk adjustment, MS-DRG participation, index terms and change history — each edge carrying the CMS source it derives from.
Run Z57.31 with these 16 related codes in Claim Check
Hierarchy
- Z00-Z99 — Chapter 21: Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services (Z00-Z99) (Z00-Z99)[Hierarchy]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z55-Z65 — Persons with potential health hazards related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances[Hierarchy]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
Excludes2
- Z77.22 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (acute) (chronic)[Excludes2]: “exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z77.22)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
Referenced by Excludes1 notes
- Z13.88 — Encounter for screening for disorder due to exposure to contaminants[Excludes1](via Z57.-): “those exposed to contaminants without suspected disorders (Z57.-, Z77.-)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
Referenced by Excludes2 notes
- Z56 — Problems related to employment and unemployment[Excludes2](via Z57.-): “occupational exposure to risk factors (Z57.-)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z58 — Problems related to physical environment[Excludes2](via Z57.-): “occupational exposure (Z57.-)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z72 — Problems related to lifestyle[Excludes2](via Z57.-): “problems related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances (Z55-Z65)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z73 — Problems related to life management difficulty[Excludes2](via Z57.-): “problems related to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances (Z55-Z65)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z77 — Other contact with and (suspected) exposures hazardous to health[Excludes2](via Z57.-): “occupational exposure to risk factors (Z57.-)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z77.22 — Contact with and (suspected) exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (acute) (chronic)[Excludes2]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z91 — Personal risk factors, not elsewhere classified[Excludes2](via Z57.-): “occupational exposure to risk factors (Z57.-)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
Referenced by Use Additional Code instructions (55)
- C07 — Malignant neoplasm of parotid gland[Use Additional Code]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- C08 — Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified major salivary glands[Use Additional Code]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- C09 — Malignant neoplasm of tonsil[Use Additional Code]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- C10 — Malignant neoplasm of oropharynx[Use Additional Code]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- C11 — Malignant neoplasm of nasopharynx[Use Additional Code]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- C12 — Malignant neoplasm of pyriform sinus[Use Additional Code]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- C13 — Malignant neoplasm of hypopharynx[Use Additional Code]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- C14 — Malignant neoplasm of other and ill-defined sites in the lip, oral cavity and pharynx[Use Additional Code]: “occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (Z57.31)”— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular instructional notes · icd10cm-fy2026
- and 47 more
Clinical classification (CCSR)
- FAC019 — Socioeconomic/psychosocial factors[CCSR]— AHRQ CCSR for ICD-10-CM Diagnoses (HCUP)
MS-DRG Grouper
- DRG 951 — OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS[MS-DRG]: “OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING HEALTH STATUS (MDC 23)”— CMS MS-DRG Definitions Manual (Appendix B) · FY2026
MDC crossing
- MDC 23 — Factors Influencing Health Status and Other Contacts with Health Services[MDC crossing]: “Factors Influencing Health Status and Other Contacts with Health Services — the grouper's crossing between diagnoses and procedures: a principal diagnosis sets the MDC, and same-MDC procedures move the stay to its surgical DRGs. 1,235 same-MDC procedures group here; browse them on the MDC page.”— CMS MS-DRG Definitions Manual · FY2026
Index entries
- Exposure (to), occupational, environmental tobacco smoke[Index term]— CMS ICD-10-CM Index to Diseases and Injuries · icd10cm-fy2026
Nearest codes (12)
- Z57 — Occupational exposure to risk factors[Sibling]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z57.0 — Occupational exposure to noise[Sibling]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z57.1 — Occupational exposure to radiation[Sibling]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z57.2 — Occupational exposure to dust[Sibling]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z57.3 — Occupational exposure to other air contaminants[Sibling]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z57.39 — Occupational exposure to other air contaminants[Sibling]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z57.4 — Occupational exposure to toxic agents in agriculture[Sibling]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- Z57.5 — Occupational exposure to toxic agents in other industries[Sibling]— CMS ICD-10-CM tabular structure · icd10cm-fy2026
- and 4 more
Change history
- FY2016 — In the code set at ICD-10-CM adoption [Change history]— CMS release files (code change ledger) · icd10cm-fy2016
Sources for this page
Codes, titles, notes, index terms and mappings on this page are transcribed from the datasets below. Relationships MedCoder computed and text MedCoder wrote are labelled where they appear.
- Code, title, tabular notes and index terms Official source data
- CMS/CDC ICD-10-CM FY2026 tabular list, index and tables, effective October 1, 2025 Release, file and checksum · Publisher’s page
- Coding guidelines Official source data
- ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting (FY2026), quoted by section Release, file and checksum · Publisher’s page
- Claim edits Official source data
- CMS Definitions of Medicare Code Edits — v43.1 (April 2026) Release, file and checksum · Publisher’s page
- Inpatient payment groups Official source data
- CMS MS-DRG Definitions Manual (incl. Appendix B diagnosis index, Appendix C CC/MCC list, Appendix E procedure index) and IPPS Final Rule tables — v43 Release, file and checksum · Publisher’s page
- Change history and date-of-service validity Official source data
- CMS ICD-10-CM release addenda, ingested release by release into the change ledger Release, file and checksum · Publisher’s page
- Comparisons, relationships and the contextual map MedCoder structured relationship
- Computed by MedCoder from the tabular notes and tables above; every derived relationship is marked as derived where it appears
- Summary and FAQ answers MedCoder explanation
- Written by MedCoder to explain the sources above: drafted with AI assistance, checked by a person against the release files, and labelled as MedCoder text where it appears. Not official text.
Labels on this page: Official source data · MedCoder structured relationship · MedCoder explanation. How to read the labels · All data sources and release dates
Change history
- FY2016 — October 1, 2015In the code set at ICD-10-CM adoptionOccupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
No changes since FY2016 — additions, deletions, description changes and billable-status changes are tracked through FY2027 (effective October 1, 2026), and none are recorded for this code. Note changes are tracked from FY2027 only.
Nearest Codes in This Family
Official ICD-10-CM classifications closest to Z57.31 in its code family, with their registry titles.
- Z57 — Occupational exposure to risk factors
- Z57.0 — Occupational exposure to noise
- Z57.1 — Occupational exposure to radiation
- Z57.2 — Occupational exposure to dust
- Z57.3 — Occupational exposure to other air contaminants
- Z57.39 — Occupational exposure to other air contaminants
- Z57.4 — Occupational exposure to toxic agents in agriculture
- Z57.5 — Occupational exposure to toxic agents in other industries
- Z57.6 — Occupational exposure to extreme temperature
- Z57.7 — Occupational exposure to vibration