I74.19

Other embolism and thrombosis of other parts of aorta

I74.19 is a specific clinical diagnosis referring to the occlusion of sections of the aorta not otherwise classified as the thoracic or unspecified segments. This condition involves either an embolism (a blood clot or debris that has traveled from elsewhere in the body and lodged in the aorta) or a thrombosis (a blood clot that forms directly on the aortic wall, typically over a site of pre-existing atherosclerotic damage). Because the aorta is the primary conduit for oxygenated blood, an acute blockage in 'other' parts—often involving the abdominal segments near the bifurcation or visceral branches—constitutes a vascular emergency. Such occlusions can lead to catastrophic tissue ischemia downstream, affecting the lower extremities, kidneys, or gastrointestinal tract, depending on the precise anatomical location of the thrombus.

Clinical Symptoms

  • Sudden, severe abdominal or lower back pain
  • Acute limb ischemia characterized by the '6 Ps': Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Paralysis, and Poikilothermia
  • Coldness or cyanosis of the lower extremities
  • Absence of femoral or distal pulses
  • Muscle weakness or sudden loss of motor function in the legs
  • Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal distension (if mesenteric flow is impacted)
  • Decreased urine output (if renal artery involvement occurs)
  • Hypertension (renovascular response to ischemia)
  • Sensory loss or 'pins and needles' sensation in the feet

Common Causes

  • Advanced atherosclerosis with rupture of an unstable plaque
  • Aortic aneurysm (thoracoabdominal or abdominal) providing a site for blood stasis and mural thrombus
  • Atrial fibrillation resulting in a systemic cardioembolism
  • Recent myocardial infarction with the formation of a left ventricular mural thrombus
  • Hypercoagulable states such as Factor V Leiden or Antiphospholipid Syndrome
  • Blunt abdominal trauma causing aortic intimal injury
  • Iatrogenic complications from endovascular procedures or aortic catheterization
  • Prosthetic heart valve complications
  • Infective endocarditis with septic emboli

Documentation & Coding Tips

Specify the exact anatomical segment of the aorta involved to distinguish from thoracic or abdominal bifurcation sites.

Example: Patient presents with an acute thrombus located in the suprarenal segment of the abdominal aorta, proximal to the celiac trunk. This thrombus is non-occlusive but represents a significant embolic risk. History of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is noted as the likely etiology. Plan includes initiation of intravenous heparin protocol and vascular surgery consultation for potential thrombectomy.

Billing Focus: Documentation identifies the specific suprarenal location which supports I74.19 over the more common saddle embolus code I74.01.

Distinguish between acute embolism and chronic mural thrombosis as this affects both the code choice and the severity of illness profile.

Example: Follow up for chronic mural thrombosis of the distal aortic arch, stable on long-term warfarin therapy. No evidence of distal embolization or limb-threatening ischemia at this time. Patient remains high risk for systemic embolization due to the mobile nature of the thrombus seen on prior CTA.

Billing Focus: Specifying the thrombus is in the arch but distinct from the descending thoracic aorta supports the use of I74.19.

Document the underlying pathology such as aortic atherosclerosis or aneurysmal disease that contributes to the thrombus formation.

Example: A 72-year-old male with severe atherosclerosis of the aorta and a non-aneurysmal thrombus identified in the visceral segment of the aorta. Documentation confirms this is an 'other' part of the aorta not involving the bifurcation. Current management focused on secondary prevention of mesenteric ischemia.

Billing Focus: Linking the thrombosis to atherosclerosis provides a complete clinical picture for medical necessity for imaging.

Clearly state the clinical manifestations resulting from the embolism, such as acute limb ischemia or visceral organ infarction.

Example: Acute embolism of the abdominal aorta, specifically the segment between the renal arteries and the inferior mesenteric artery. Patient is exhibiting signs of early acute limb ischemia with diminished pedal pulses and cool lower extremities bilaterally. Emergent surgical evaluation requested.

Billing Focus: Site specificity and manifestation documentation are critical for justifying urgent surgical intervention codes.

Identify if the thrombus is iatrogenic or post-procedural as this requires different coding sequences.

Example: Assessment of thrombus formation in the aortic segment superior to the renal arteries following recent intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) removal. Thrombus appears localized and is not causing significant stenosis. Patient is on therapeutic anticoagulation.

Billing Focus: Documentation must clarify if the thrombus is a complication of a procedure to ensure proper application of T-codes if necessary; otherwise, I74.19 is used for the condition itself.

Relevant CPT Codes