M75.52

Bursitis of left shoulder

Bursitis of the left shoulder is a clinical condition characterized by inflammation of the bursae—small, fluid-filled sacs that act as cushions between the tendons, muscles, and bones within the shoulder joint. In the shoulder, the subacromial bursa is the most frequently affected. This condition typically arises when the bursa becomes irritated or compressed, often as a result of repetitive overhead activities, mechanical impingement, or direct trauma. Left-sided involvement is particularly significant in left-handed individuals or those engaged in bilateral occupational or athletic stress. If left untreated, the inflammation can lead to thickening of the bursa, chronic pain, and significant functional impairment of the glenohumeral joint.

Clinical Symptoms

  • Localized pain in the lateral or anterior aspect of the left shoulder
  • Pain that intensifies with overhead reaching, lifting, or pulling
  • Painful arc syndrome (discomfort between 60 and 120 degrees of arm abduction)
  • Night pain, particularly when lying on the left side
  • Point tenderness over the subacromial space
  • Reduced active range of motion in the left shoulder
  • Shoulder stiffness or a 'catching' sensation during movement
  • Radiating pain down the upper left arm (deltoid region)
  • Weakness in the left arm during elevation or external rotation due to pain

Common Causes

  • Repetitive overhead motions (e.g., swimming, tennis, painting, or construction work)
  • Shoulder impingement syndrome where the bursa is squeezed between the acromion and the humerus
  • Acute trauma or falls onto the left shoulder or outstretched hand
  • Age-related degeneration of the subacromial structures
  • Chronic poor posture leading to mechanical imbalances in the shoulder girdle
  • Underlying rotator cuff tendinitis or partial-thickness tears
  • Systemic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or gout
  • Calcific tendinitis causing secondary bursal irritation
  • Septic bursitis (rare, resulting from bacterial infection)

Documentation & Coding Tips

Explicitly document laterality and site specificity to ensure correct code assignment.

Example: Patient reports sharp pain in the left shoulder localized to the subacromial region. Physical exam confirms point tenderness over the left subacromial bursa. Diagnosis is Bursitis of left shoulder (M75.52). Billing Focus: Left laterality specified. Risk Adjustment: Patient has a history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (E11.9) which may prolong recovery time.

Billing Focus: Laterality (Left), Site (Shoulder), and Specific Condition (Bursitis).

Detail the onset and duration to distinguish between acute and chronic bursitis manifestations.

Example: 65-year-old female presents with a 3-month history of chronic left shoulder pain exacerbated by overhead activity. Assessment: Chronic bursitis of left shoulder (M75.52). Plan: Physical therapy and corticosteroid injection. Billing Focus: Episode of care (Chronic). Risk Adjustment: Chronic condition status supports HCC categorization when associated with systemic inflammatory markers.

Billing Focus: Acuity vs Chronicity and duration of symptoms.

Identify and document any co-occurring impingement or rotator cuff pathology.

Example: Examination of the left shoulder reveals positive Hawkins-Kennedy test suggestive of impingement syndrome of left shoulder (M75.42) occurring concurrently with Bursitis of left shoulder (M75.52). Billing Focus: Multiple diagnostic codes to capture full clinical picture. Risk Adjustment: Multiple shoulder pathologies increase the complexity of the encounter and MDM level.

Billing Focus: Primary diagnosis and secondary associated musculoskeletal conditions.

Link the bursitis to any underlying causal factors such as overuse or specific occupational hazards.

Example: The patient's Bursitis of left shoulder (M75.52) is attributed to repetitive overhead lifting at their construction job. Billing Focus: External cause coding (e.g., Y92 series) if required by the payer. Risk Adjustment: Occupational factors may influence social determinants of health (SDOH) coding, which is increasingly relevant in risk-adjusted models.

Billing Focus: Etiology and external cause relationships.

Document the functional limitations including specific range of motion deficits.

Example: Left shoulder active abduction is restricted to 85 degrees due to Bursitis of left shoulder (M75.52). Passive range of motion is preserved but painful at terminal degrees. Billing Focus: Functional assessment supports medical necessity for physical therapy (CPT 97110). Risk Adjustment: Severity of functional impairment impacts the Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) weighting in some Medicare Advantage models.

Billing Focus: Objective functional deficits (ROM, strength).

Relevant CPT Codes