K59.00
Constipation, unspecified
Constipation is a condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements or the difficult passage of stools that persists for several weeks or longer. In medical coding, the code K59.00 is utilized when the clinical documentation indicates constipation but fails to specify the underlying type, such as slow-transit, outlet dysfunction, or drug-induced constipation. It is often a symptom of underlying lifestyle factors, metabolic issues, or structural abnormalities. Diagnosis typically involves patient history regarding bowel frequency, stool consistency, and the degree of straining required during defecation. Management ranges from dietary modifications and increased hydration to the use of laxatives or stool softeners.
Clinical Symptoms
- Fewer than three bowel movements per week
- Lumpy or hard stools
- Straining to have bowel movements
- Sensation of anorectal obstruction or blockage
- Sensation of incomplete evacuation
- Necessity of manual maneuvers to facilitate stool passage
Common Causes
- Inadequate dietary fiber intake
- Dehydration or insufficient fluid intake
- Sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity
- Changes in daily routine or travel
- Medication side effects (e.g., opioids, calcium channel blockers)
- Ignoring the natural urge to have a bowel movement
- Endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism
- Neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease
Documentation & Coding Tips
Differentiate between acute and chronic constipation where possible to assist in specific code selection.
Example: Documenting 'chronic constipation' vs 'acute onset of constipation' allows for more granular clinical tracking.
Identify and document any causal relationships between constipation and medications.
Example: If the condition is caused by opioid use, document 'Opioid-induced constipation' and use code K59.03 along with the external cause code.
Specify if the constipation is associated with other conditions like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
Example: Use K58.1 for Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation if applicable instead of K59.00.